OTHER DIMENSION

Here  we take a layman's view of the universe. There may be nothing new for the contemporary science in this.

Whether the universe had a finite or infinite past could not have arrived at by the medieval philosophers. The English theologian Robert Grosseteste (1175-1253) was the one who brought a theory of the birth of the universe. He described the origin from an explosion and the crystallisation of matter to form stars and planets in a set of nested spheres around earth. Johannes Kepler in 1610 used the dark night sky to argue for a finite universe. Later Isaac Newton described large scale motion throughout the universe. The universe that expanded and contracted principle was first put forward in 1791 by Erasmus Darwin. This cyclic system was further confirmed by Edgar Allan Poe in 1848. Vesto Slipher in the 1910s determined that spiral nebulae or spiral galaxies were receding from earth. During the same decade Albert Einstein described the universe (i.e. the space-time metric) by a metric tensor that was either expanding or shrinking (i.e. was not constant or invariant) In 1927, the Belgian Catholic priest George's Lemaitre proposed an expanding model for the universe to explain the observed redshifts of spiral nebulae, and calculated the Hubble law. In 1931 Lemaitre himself proposed that the universe began with the 'explosion' of the 'primeval atom', what was later called the Big Bang. However, there were two theories about the beginning of the universe. One was Lemaitre's Big Bang, advocated and developed by George Gamow and the other was Fred Hoyle's  Steady State theory. The discovery of the cosmic microwave background radiation in 1964 could almost erase the Steady State theory. Huge advances in Big Bang cosmology were made in the 1990s and the early 21st century, as a result of major advances in telescope technology in combination with large amounts of satellite data.

In general terms, the universe was born during a period of inflation that began about 13.8 billion years ago. It swelled from a tiny particle smaller than an electron to nearly it's current size within a fraction of second. After billions of years,  the earth and we all formed from the atoms made inside stars. The expansion is still being continued. However, science teaches that no new mass is created or the existing one destroyed, but only forms are changed.

The geometry of the universe is, at least on a very large scale, elliptic. In a closed universe, gravity eventually stops the expansion of the universe, after which it starts contract until all matters in the universe collapses to a point, a final singularity termed the 'Big Crunch', the opposite of the Big Bang. Newton's Third Law stands to support the theory of collapse of the universe.

The black hole can be seen as a replica of the collapse and finally the Big Crunch end. Black hole  is a  complex cosmic phenomenon which man has not studied in depth. According to scientific explanation, a black hole is a region of spacetime exhibiting gravitational acceleration so strong that nothing - no particles or even electromagnetic radiation such as light - can escape from it. The theory of general relativity predicts that a sufficiently compact mass can deform spacetime to form a black hole.

What is described above are the widely accepted scientific theories about the beginning of the universe and the state of the black hole. Now we will say something about the dark matter. Dark matter is a form of matter thought to account for approximately 85% of the matter in the universe and about a quarter it's total energy density. Because dark matter has not yet been observed directly, if it exists,  it must barely interact with ordinary baryonic matter and radiation, except through gravity. Dark matter is composed of particles that do not absorb, reflect or emit light, so they cannot be detected by observing electromagnetic radiation. Dark matter is material that cannot be seen directly. We know dark matter exists because of the effect it has on objects that we can observe directly. There are various explanations about the constitution of dark matter in our universe. As per one account, all the stars, planets and galaxies that can be seen today make up just 4 percent of the universe. The other 96 percent is made of stuff astronomers cannot see, detect or even comprehend. These mysterious substances are called dark energy and dark matter. In another narration, it turns out that roughly 68% of the universe is dark energy. Dark matter makes up about 27%. The rest - everything on earth, everything ever observed with all of our instruments, all normal matter - adds up to less than 5% of the universe.

Now, the layman asks:

1. What happens to the dark matter trapped in a black hole? Can it withstand any amount of heat and pressure? If not, what it turns out to be?

2. Can gravity pass from one to the other in the absence of dark matter in the space?

3. If the universe 'ends' in the Big Crunch, what will be beyond that point?  Will there be negative matter, negative space and negative time after crossing the Big Crunch point? Let us believe there is. It must travel for the same period of time (same billions of years the universe took for expansion after the Big Bang and the contraction to the Big Crunch)

4. Is black hole the replica of the Big Crunch? If so, does it jumps into another matter, space and time?

5. If Newton's Third Law is applied to the contraction of the univers towards the Big Crunch, all that happened during the expansion will be happened in the negative? Man will return to life from grave and live go back to mother's womb?

6. Is this what Jesus said: "Do not be surprised at that; the time is coming, when all those who are in their graves will hear his voice and will come out of them; ... " (John 5:28)

KV George

kvgeorgein@gmail.com

(Indebted to Wikipedia for all data furnished in this write up)